TODAY

Within a nation of an estimated 10 to 11 million people in an area that is the size of Texas, there are 64 recognized tribal groups who speak approximately 80 languages and dialects. Some groups are smaller than 100,000 but the largest, the Dinka, comprise about 4-5 million. While English is the official language, Arabic is perhaps the most widely used common language. Many South Sudanese speak multiple languages.

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Around 125 years ago the people primarily practiced local religions. Then five years later, the British colonial rulers allowed Catholic, Episcopalian and Presbyterian missionaries to enter what was called Southern Sudan. Christianity spread dramatically in South Sudan during its conflicts. Now Christianity is the dominant faith in South Sudan, although the dilution of Christianity with the incorporation of native religions is an issue, especially in remote, rural areas.  

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Just as diverse as the people groups are the animal, plant life and topography. The Sudd is among the largest swamps in Africa and there also are fertile plains, tropical forests and arid areas. The second largest animal migration in Africa occurs annually in South Sudan.  

The South Sudanese are believed to be the tallest people in the world. They are very dark skinned and most are slender. Land is owned by the community. Historically chiefs and elders were rulers, problem solvers and judges.  That system is being upset by the increased imposition of a formal civil system. Today, most ethnic groups still embrace a cattle culture in which livestock is the main measure of wealth and used for the dowry required to obtain a bride. This “bride price” has led to cattle theft and the conflict that follows. Many of the ethnic groups practice polygamy although the influence of the Christian churches is making inroads on this.  

Approximately 80% of the people are illiterate. Recognizing that education is the path to progress, literacy is highly valued. The system consists of 8 years of primary school, three years of secondary school and for years of college. Conflict and poverty have prevented the widespread emergence of schools, but it is common to observe children learning under trees in the absence of formal schools.

Unemployment among men is high and nepotism is a barrier to many sources of employment.  

The South Sudanese people are good people. They are hospitable, humorous and quick to laugh …. even at themselves. South Sudanese are loyal and generous. The sense of family is very strong. 

They are rapidly going through changes that other cultures took hundreds of years to navigate. With good leadership, the character of the people will make South Sudan the envy of other nations.